DSpace Collection:http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/692024-02-02T14:13:44Z2024-02-02T14:13:44ZControls on the large-scale sediment architecture of Icelandic sandarHarrison, Devinhttp://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/60352024-01-30T12:09:48Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Controls on the large-scale sediment architecture of Icelandic sandar
Authors: Harrison, Devin
Abstract: Glaciers and ice-sheets are an essential component of the global climate system, respond ing dynamically to climate-driven changes in their mass balance by varying in thickness
and extent. The oscillation of these ice masses can have global implications such as sea
level change, and local impacts such as proglacial landscape evolution and glacier-related
hazards. Sandur plains (plurally: sandar) are extensive sedimentary bodies formed in
proglacial settings by deposition from meltwater systems emanating from the margin of a
glacier. To-date, most research has focused on the analysis of sedimentary successions asso ciated to topographically-confined and small-scale sandar, however, these do not capture
the variety or scale of processes that influence sandar architecture. Therefore, detailed
subsurface analysis of sandar is fundamental to understand how these systems respond
to fundamental drivers, such as: (i) glacier oscillations, (ii) sediment flux from glacier
outburst floods; and (iii) changes in sea level.
Icelandic sandar have been hypothesised to be comprised of thick alluvial successions
that can provide detailed records of the processes that contributed to their formation.
However, limited research has been undertaken to analyse the large-scale sedimentary
architecture of these systems. It can be argued that more is known about the large-scale
architecture of palaeo-sandur from ancient glaciations (e.g. late Ordovician ca. 440–460
Ma) and Quaternary glaciations (2.6 Ma – 11.7 Ka), than is known about the contemporary
and active outwash plains used as analogues for their interpretation.
This thesis presents an extensive (∼150 km of along-track profiles), proximal-to-distal,
low-frequency (40 & 100 MHz) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey of Skeiðarársan dur in south-east Iceland. Radar-derived architecture reveals that Skeiðarársandur is com posed of: (i) thick and large-scale glaciofluvial deposits; (ii) a large, buried ice-marginal
landsystem; (iii) aeolian dune deposits; (iv) structures associated to post-depositional
modification and buried ice-masses; and (v) sub-aqueous progradational foresets. Thick
(up to at least 60 m) glaciofluvial deposits dominate the proximal reaches of the sandur and
a ∼25 m thick glaciofluvial braidplain facies is identifiable in medial reaches of the sandur.
Furthermore, buried aeolian dune systems are identified at depth (up to 20 m) in medial
and distal portions of the sandur and are potentially a more important element of sandar
architecture than previously thought. Analysis of the sediment architecture derived from
the GPR dataset, supported by historical accounts and recent observations, indicate that
system-scale sandar evolution is driven primarily from an ice-proximal control in sandur
sedimentation, likely as a result of increased sediment flux driven by jökulhlaup events.
Description: PhD Thesis2023-01-01T00:00:00ZThe transnationalism of the Black Lives Matter movement: From London to SydneyBarwick, Daniel Jasonhttp://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/60332024-01-30T11:40:33Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: The transnationalism of the Black Lives Matter movement: From London to Sydney
Authors: Barwick, Daniel Jason
Abstract: Drawing on the diverse cases of London and Sydney, this thesis explores the
transnationalism of the Black Lives Matter movement. While a substantive body of
Black Lives Matter scholarship has emerged from the US, the issue of
transnationalism poses a gap in current literature, which I attend to by recognising
that ideas of Black Lives Matter travel. I argue, the transnationalism of the Black
Lives Matter movement is understood through the diverse adoption and adaption of
Black Lives Matter, creating different political sites of struggle. Thus, illuminating the
ways that Black Lives Matter has been adopted by a range of actors across place and
adapted to embody diverse forms of racial violence, such as, racialised policing,
neoliberal urbanism, and environmental racism. Using a multi-sited ethnographic
approach over a period of ten-months, including 30 semi-structured interviews
between August 2019 and June 2020, this thesis draws on the perspectives of Black
Asian Minority Ethnic and Aboriginal Black Lives Matter activists in London and
Sydney, examining how a transnational Black Lives Matter movement is both
possible and necessary, as well as anti-racist and decolonial possibilities. I employ an
intersectional approach to transnationalism, informed by Black Marxist, Black
Feminist and decolonial scholarship, in analysing the different ways that Black Lives
Matter is shaped across place by Black Asian Minority Ethnic and Aboriginal
activists. This reveals the diverse ways that Black Lives Matter feeds into long standing anti-racist and decolonial struggles and enables agency and resistance. As
such, London and Sydney are used as exemplars for wider-transnationalism and
provide crucial insight into how ideas of Black Lives Matter travel. This thesis not
only makes intellectual contributions to the transnationalism of Black Lives Matter,
but also to work on social movements, the study of intersectionality, policing,
neoliberal urbanism, environmental racism and the geographies of race and place.
Description: PhD Thesis2023-01-01T00:00:00ZConstricted choices within a travelling disaster: The journey of recovery for Anguilla's education system following Hurricane IrmaRobertson, Bethhttp://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/59852024-01-10T10:20:56Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Constricted choices within a travelling disaster: The journey of recovery for Anguilla's education system following Hurricane Irma
Authors: Robertson, Beth
Abstract: This thesis explores the recovery of primary and secondary education within Anguilla after
Hurricane Irma, 2017. I collaborated with Anguilla's Department of Education to carry out an
extensive qualitative research project two years after the devastation occurred. As a
Caribbean and British Overseas Territory, I explore the complexity of how ideas about
disaster recovery move and become understood as islanders navigate broader constricting
development agendas within their state education system. I develop an innovative ‘travelling
methodological approach' to use creative qualitative research techniques to trace the
problem and multiple ‘connectivities’ between the diverse education stakeholders within
the disaster recovery network. The research consulted with over 162 participants through
semi-structured interview and focus group techniques. The research also uses an 'accidental
ethnographic approach' that moves beyond a more structured approach to doing data
collection and adopts a more 'explicit consciousness' (Buroway, 1998:6 in Fuji, 2015:536) to
the unforeseen moments that occur within the research process (Fuji, 2015: 536). In doing
so, the research responds to the unpredictable moments and disruptive context that the
research journey encounters. The overall argument of this thesis is that disasters within
smaller island contexts are best understood as travelling, translated, and entangled: they are
produced through multiple, interconnected physical and temporal contexts and various,
interconnected ideas and strategies for recovery. These processes create and constrict
choice and inequalities for islanders but, importantly, also evidence the agency and
creativity of islanders in re-orientating and re-translating the meaning and impacts of a
disaster in education. Accordingly, I provide evidence that suggests recovery needs to work
more holistically across this range of geographies. The travelling disaster intercepts and
moves beyond event-specific approaches, linear delineations of recovery, and reductive and
dangerous stereotypes of islander and island.
Description: PhD Thesis2022-01-01T00:00:00ZRedundant spaces and sustainable development in post-industrial weak market cities: the cases of Kingston upon Hull and SunderlandJones, Ianhttp://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/59292023-11-17T12:50:47Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Redundant spaces and sustainable development in post-industrial weak market cities: the cases of Kingston upon Hull and Sunderland
Authors: Jones, Ian
Abstract: Industrialised cities have under used and unused land and property that can impact on
the vitality and wellbeing of the city and its residents. The longer these assets remain
unused, the more likely they are to become redundant. The larger the scale of the
problem, the greater the negative impact it will have on adjacent neighbourhoods and
the wider city. The prevailing development paradigms, with their focus on market based
pro-growth strategies emphasising narrow forms of economic value, define
‘redundancy’ in ways which are problematic for weak market cities.
The objectives of the empirical analysis are to: outline the nature and extent of
redundant spaces in Hull and Sunderland; understand what the drivers and constraints
are to the reuse of redundant spaces in the case study cities; and provide an illustration
of how the reuse of redundant spaces contributes to spatial equity through the
provision of employment and housing opportunities, additional green space and
improved accessibility.
This thesis examines whether the reuse of redundant spaces in post-industrial weak
market cities, can contribute to improving spatial equity. It identifies different types of
redundant spaces and examines how specific interventions impact on addressing
spatial inequalities. It highlights that the reuse of redundant space can improve spatial
equity; however, there are constraints that need to be overcome. As such, this thesis
makes four main contributions: first, it provides a more comprehensive definition of
redundant space by adding a temporal dimension; second, it provides a rich illustration
of the variety of redundant spaces in two post-industrial cities. Thirdly, it demonstrates
that redundant spaces are more geographically concentrated than other vacant sites,
depending on their land use designation. Finally, it demonstrates the constraints to the
reuse of such spaces, with an emphasis on land ownership and the planning system.
Description: Ph. D. Thesis.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z